Skin Cancer: Causes, Signs, and What You Need to Know

When your skin cells start growing out of control, you’re dealing with skin cancer, a group of diseases where abnormal skin cells multiply uncontrollably, often due to DNA damage from UV radiation. Also known as cutaneous malignancy, it’s the most common type of cancer in the U.S., with over 9,500 people diagnosed every day. Not all skin cancers are the same. The big three are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma — each behaves differently, grows at different speeds, and needs different treatment.

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, starts in pigment-producing cells and can spread quickly if missed. Also known as malignant melanoma, it often shows up as a new or changing mole — asymmetrical, with uneven borders, multiple colors, and larger than a pencil eraser. That’s the ABCDE rule doctors use: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6mm, and Evolving size or shape. But you don’t need to be a doctor to spot trouble. If a spot itches, bleeds, or doesn’t heal after a few weeks, get it checked. UV exposure, the main cause of most skin cancers, comes from sunlight and tanning beds. Also known as ultraviolet radiation, it breaks down DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that turn normal cells into cancerous ones. People with fair skin, lots of moles, or a family history are at higher risk, but anyone can get it — even dark-skinned people, often in less obvious places like under nails or on palms.

Early detection is everything. A simple skin biopsy, a quick procedure where a small piece of suspicious skin is removed and tested in a lab. Also known as dermatological biopsy, it’s the only way to confirm cancer. No guesswork. No waiting. If caught early, most skin cancers are 99% curable with minor surgery. But if left alone, melanoma can reach lymph nodes or organs in months. That’s why monthly self-checks matter. Use a mirror. Check your back, scalp, between toes, and behind ears. Take photos of moles so you can track changes over time.

Prevention isn’t complicated. Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen daily — even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours if you’re outside. Wear hats, UV-blocking sunglasses, and long sleeves when possible. Avoid tanning beds completely — they’re classified as carcinogens by the WHO. And don’t wait for a rash or pain to act. Skin cancer often has no symptoms at first. It just looks wrong.

Below, you’ll find real, practical guides on how to recognize warning signs, understand treatment options, compare medications used in advanced cases, and learn what lifestyle changes actually help reduce your risk. No fluff. Just facts you can use.